Introduction: Immunophenotype is an important factor for determining the mode of treatment in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The aim of this study was to determine distribution rate of ALL phenotypes by flowcytometry. Methods: This observational study was conducted by a case series method. The study population included children (0-1467) with ALL admitted to Shahid Sadoughi hospital.In order to determine the CD markers, bone marrow aspiration samples of 56 patient were sent to the flowcytometry center of Yazd Blood Transfusion Center. According to the percentage of CD markers , the groups and subgroup of leukemic cells were determined and the relation between prognostic factors with the type of leukemic cells (T- cell, B-cell) was analyzed by using statistical tests.Results: According to flowcytometry results, 31 patient (59.6%) had T-cell immunophenotype and 21 patient (40.4%) had B-cell immunophenotype. In this study, although the frequency of undesirable prognostic factors in T-cell group was more than B-cell ALL, the difference was significant only for the male patients (p: 0.02).Conclusion: Prevalence of T- cell in our population is greater than other parts of the world that may be due to environmental factors including carcinogenic agents. There was no significant difference between the out come of the two group (B-cell and T-cell), which can be due to the selection of the type of chemical therapy based on risk factors.

This research was done in hydroponic environment in greenhouse at 3 stages (vegetative, flowering and full product) in 5 concentrations of Cd (0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 2.7, and 10 mm) for investigating physiological and biological effects. This study revealed that the increase of Cd concentration in understudy treatments causes the 49% reduction of sugar solution in 10 mm treatment. On the other hand, the gradual increase of Cd in cultivation caused the increase of starch, reduction of photosynthesis and blockage of carbon cycle enzymes. Furthermore, in heavy metal stress conditions of vegetative stage, Cd has negative effects on the protein amount of total treatments in p=0.01 signified level. When treatment starts, the amount of protein reduced until 33% in 0.1 mm concentration and this reduction can be seen also in other treatments. In contrast, in flowering stage the amount of protein is increased compared to the control. The study of different heavy metal concentration effects showed that plants are more sensitive to Cd (2-20 times more than others). The Generalized Linear Model variance test of aerial and underground plant organs traced the high level of Cd concentration in root in10 mm concentration. This increasing process in p=0.001 level also was seen in root, leaf, and fruit. The accumulation of Cd expressed high speed of Cd transport from the soil to upper organs of tomato, and this process reduced the amount of solvable sugar and protein.

Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes is very essential for evaluation of immune system.Due to the effect of environmental factors and ethnical diversity on immune system, establishment of an internal normal range of lymphocyte subsets is a necessity for each population. The aim of this study was to determine the normal range of T and B lymphocytes, and NK cells in normal Iranian adults.Two hundred and thirty three Iranian normal adult volunteers took part in this study.Complete Blood Count (CBC) was performed for them with Sysmex (KX21) and cells with CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD16/56 surface markers were simultaneously detected by flow cytometry method with FACstar system. Their percentile and absolute count were determined.The volunteers were 150 male and 83 female. Mean percentages of lymphocyte subpopulation were: CD3 (67.66±7.76), CD19 (14.41±5.09), CD4 (39.22±6.7), CD8 (25.42±5.4) and CD16/56 (10.14±6.42).Also, their mean absolute count of lymphocyte bearing CD3, CD19, CD4 and CD8 were 1, 504±505/6l, 332±186/6l, 827±313/6l and 522±185/6l, respectively.Our results are comparable with similar Asian results from other Asian population, but are different from European population, we therefore conclude that it is necessary for each laboratory to establish an internal normal range for the lymphocytes bearing abovementioned markers.

The limitation on allowable temperature range of nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) requires the designers to analysis their thermal behavior with respect to its parameters. Ni-Cd batteries are use in many applications including cordless and portable devices, emergency and standby power, telecommunication equipments, photovoltaic systems, electric vehicle, satellite and spacecraft and power plant supporting equipments. To date, most studies have utilized averaged properties in their analysis. In addition, the chemical reaction effect on the source term has been neglected. The purpose of this study is to numerically investigate the transient thermal behavior of Ni-Cd batteries. The governing equation is the transient and non-linear differential energy equation subjected to non-linear radiation boundary conditions and source term. In formulation of the governing differential energy equation, the Ni-Cd properties (K, C, p) are not constant and the chemical characteristic of the Ni-Cd batteries, source term, vary with location and time. Calculated thermal characteristic of each battery is then compared to experimental results.

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is one of the human diseases severity of witch varies from a self limiting cutaneous lesion to a severe visceral form. It is endemic in several parts of the world including our country Iran and especially in the province of Khorasan and the city of Mashhad. The study was intended to evaluate the percentage of monocellular macrophages in 36 patients and to investigate their role in prevention of the disease and its response to the treatment.Material and Methods: The study was a case-control study conducted from August 2001 until October 2002 in Ghaem Hospital and Bu-Ali Research Ins. of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and fmally 29 patients were carried out the survey as the study group and 23 people of their families as control group.A blood sample of 10 cc was obtained from both groups before and after treatment. Compelet Blood Counting and CD14 marker studies by flow cytometry for evaluating monocyte percentage were used. Personal, laboratory and treatment data were recorded in a question are. Qualitive and descriptive statistics were used for analysis.Results: The percentage of monocytes in the whole population of patients was significantly more than control group (p=0.006).The percentage of monocytes in patients who gave a positive response to the treatment (group 1) and those who did not recovered after the treatment (group 2) was significantly higher, with a p value of 0.013 and 0.015 respectively ,comparing with the control group. In order to get a more delicate evaluation, the study was repeated again by flow cytometry method considering the CD14 marker. The result was similar; percentage of CD14 was increased. significantly in whole patients, first group and second group (p<0.001, p= 0.003 and p=0.015 respectively), comparing with the control group. Meanwhile, comparing the "threestudied groups before and after medical treatment, the percentage of monocytes slightly decreased; the study had a similar result conducted for evaluating CD14 marker.Conclusion: This study suggests the major role of monocytes in revealing the disease and perhaps decreased percentage of monocytes caused by the influence of medical treatment.

Introduction: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an immunologically mediated mucocutaneous diseases. Langerhans cells (LCs) are antigen presenting cells resident within oral mucosa which, together with intraepithelial lymphocytes, play a role in mucosal defense. The aim of present study was to determine the immunohistochemical expression of LC in Oral Lichenoid reaction (OLR) and OLP compared with normal oral mucosa (NOM). Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 61 oral mucosal specimens diagnosed histopathologically as OLP (n=31) and OLR (n=30) and 11 NOM were used to study the immunohistochemical expression of CD1a. The CD1a positive LCs in three regions (basal, suprabasal, and connective tissue) were counted in six randomly selected fields. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 24, T-test, ANOVA, LSD, Games-Howell tests. P<. 05 was considered significant. Results: CD1a expression in OLP and OLR was significantly higher compared to NOM (P<0. 001). CD1a expression in OLP was also significantly higher than OLR (P=0. 009). There was a statistically significant difference between the three groups in basal, suprabasal and connective tissue regions (P<0. 001). The mean of CD1a positive cells in the basal, suprabasal and connective tissue regions was significantly higher in the OLP group than OLR and NOM. Also, in comparison between OLR and NOM, the OLR group had significantly more CD1a positive cells (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Increasing the number of CD1a in OLP and OLR compared with the NOM indicates the role of LC in the pathogenesis of these diseases.

Introduction: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a common mucocutanous disorder with unknown etiology. While current data suggest that oral lichen planus is a cell-mediated autoimmune disease, it might be associated to S+100, CD+4 and CD+8 cells. Because of differential diagnosis of OLP and Oral Lichenoid Lesion (OLL) is usually difficult this study was designed to compare any probable immunohistochemical differences between these lesions.Methods and materials: Formalin-fixed, paraffin- embedded tissue sections of 30 oral lichen planus and 60 oral lichenoid lesions were Immunohistochemically analyzed for number and distribution of S+100, CD+4 and CD+8 cells. A standard Biotin-strerptavidin procedure after Antigen retrieval was used. SPSS-13 software and Mann-whitney test were applied in data analysis.Results: We could not find any significant differences in number and distribution of CD+4, CD+8 cells and distribution of S+100 cells between two groups but Numbers of S100+ cells were higher in epithelium of OLP.Conclusion: The number of S+100 cells in oral lichen planus was different from lichenoid lesions. In spite of similarities betweem these two groups, it seems they may have different pathogenesis. Further studies about mentioned cells with follow up of patients are recommended.